Soybean is the best source of bulk phosphatidylserine. Phosphatidylserine (lín zhī xiān sī ān suān; phosphatidylserine, PS) is a type of phospholipid. Phospholipids are a general term for a class of lipids that contain phosphoric acid. There are many members of the phospholipid family, including phosphatidylcholine (commonly known as lecithin PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (commonly known as ceruloplasmin PE), phosphatidylinositol (commonly known as inositol phosphatidylinositol PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and so on. As one of the basic substances of life, natural phospholipids play a very important role in the composition and function of cell membranes.
Phosphatidylserine (PS) was first extracted and characterized by Jordi Folch in 1942. Its chemical structure was elucidated by Baer and Maurukas in 1952 and confirmed by chemical synthesis.PS is an important component of human brain nerves. The human brain is the most PS-rich organ, accounting for about 18% of all phospholipids in the human brain. Compared with other phospholipids, PS is the only negatively charged cytoplasmic membrane phospholipid. This special property determines the important functions of PS. It forms specific anchor localization sites on the inner membrane of nerve cell membranes. These anchor localization sites are necessary for nerve cells to exercise normal functions. In addition, PS is the only phospholipid capable of regulating the functional state of key proteins in the cell membrane.
With the in-depth research on PS, the pharmacological and clinical studies on PS have been widely reported. In general,there are two functions of phosphatidylserine.
1.Phosphatidylserine And Memory
PS is one of the main components of brain nerves. Bulk phosphatidylserine can nourish and activate the activity of various enzymes in the brain, and can slow down the process of neurotransmitter reduction. Phosphatidylserine brain helps to repair and renew damaged cells in the brain and remove harmful substances.
Suzuki S et al. examined memory-impaired adult rats in the Morris underwater maze escape test. After 60d of feeding the transphosphatidylsynthesized soy phosphatidylserine, the results showed that the behavior of male adult rats was significantly improved. The ps brain nutrient was also found to promote the release of acetylcholine and the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase. With the accumulation of acetylcholine in the brain, the speed of message transmission between nerve cells in the brain is accelerated. This serves to promote brain function, enhance memory, thinking and analyzing ability.
Tang Yong and Zhang Qianyong studied the effect of adding 0.08% of 50% pure phosphatidylserine to fresh milk on human memory with 17-18 year old high school students as research subjects. The results showed that the addition of PS to milk had a significant effect on the memory of the students.
Delwaide PJ et al. first reported in 1986 that PS supplement products could improve cognitive performance in patients. Since then, several double-blind versus placebo-controlled studies in Europe and the United States have confirmed the efficacy of PS. According to Dr. Parris M. Kidd's summary of double-blind phosphatidylserine 70 clinical trials, Crook T et al. studied 51 AD patients who were given either PS or placebo for 12 weeks (100 mg 3 times a day). They found that patients who took the PS product improved in a number of cognitive areas, while the control group did not. Another double-blind, placebo-controlled study showed mild improvement in patients with early Alzheimer's disease who were given 300 mg of PS daily for 3 to 12 weeks Cenacchi T et al.
A clinical trial of 494 patients with dementia provides more convincing evidence that bulk phosphatidylserine, as an anti-dementia medication, improves behavioral and cognitive performance with no significant side effects. Engel RR did a double-blind trial involving 33 patients with mild primary degenerative dementia. The results of a double-blind trial of 33 patients with mild primary degenerative dementia, taking either 300 mg of phosphatidyl supplement or placebo daily for 8 weeks, showed that most of the patients taking PS had a higher overall clinical impression rating than the patients taking placebo. The 16-lead EEG signal fractal intensity normalized and the condition improved.
Release of Tension and Repression, Relief of Physical Fatigue
Phosphatidylserine PS promotes the release of the 4 main neurotransmitters - serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine and acetylcholine. This speeds up communication between brain cells, which not only significantly reduces excessive stress hormone levels in the body of people who are stressed at work, but also promotes concentration, improves alertness and memory, and relieves bad moods.
Drago F et al. found that the body temperature of elderly rats was elevated due to restrained repression. After injection of PS, it took a shorter time than the control group to restore normal body temperature. Koutoku T injected PS into the ventricles of the brain of chicks, then returned them to their original cages and isolated them in plastic cages for 10 min. Koutoku T injected 160 μg of PS into the ventricles of the chicks and returned them to their original cages for 10 min, and then isolated them in a plastic cage. The number of vocalizations and spontaneous activities of the 160 μg PS group were significantly lower than those of the blank group, which suggested that PS could alleviate the isolation-induced stressful depression.
Hellhammer J used a mixture of soy phosphatidylcholine (PA) and PS (PAS) in a social stress test on 20 subjects, and found that serum epinephrine and cortisone levels were significantly suppressed in subjects who had been given PAS (at a dose of 400 mg-d-1 ) for 3 weeks. Subjects' physical tension was significantly reduced without affecting heart rate variability.
At the same time, some studies have been reported on the ability of phosphatidylserine powder bulk in sports training to increase muscle and strength, as well as to increase the level of training stress in humans. In a double-blind controlled experiment, one group of subjects took 800 mg of PS every day, and the other group took the same dose of placebo, and after 10 d, both groups performed the same high-intensity training. Then the blood cortisol concentration of both groups was measured. Cortisol levels in the control group were significantly higher than before the training, while those in the PS group were kept at a lower level. Cortisol is a catabolic hormone that antagonizes the action of testosterone. Cortisol is a catabolic hormone that antagonizes the action of testosterone. It is usually elevated after intense training, when fatigue or overtraining occurs.
At this time, the body's catabolism is greater than anabolism, accelerating the decomposition of myosin, and weight loss. If we can effectively inhibit the growth of cortisol in athletes during intensive training, we can create a favorable hormonal environment for improving training performance. Researchers hypothesize that bulk phosphatidylserine may be involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (hormonal feedback system) in response to stress. It has also been recently reported that PS also promotes endogenous testosterone secretion in humans. Phosphatidylserine would be a promising substance for sports nutritional enhancement.
In terms of regulations, in May 2006, the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) allowed phosphatidylserine bulk powder to be prominently displayed in products to which it has been added, and advertised as having the ability to "improve bad mood, enhance memory, and prevent dementia." In October 2006, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) adopted the PS GRAS (Genetically Stimulated Serine) as a new product that can be used to improve the mood of the body. In October 2006, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved PS GRAS (Genearlly Recognized As Safe), which means that PS can be added as a nutrient-enhanced functional food ingredient in yogurt, milk powder, bread, solid beverages and other foods. PS is also the only functional ingredient with cognitive health claims certified by the FDA.
In October 2009, the European Union listed soy-derived PS as a Novel Food.On February 5, 2010, it passed the individual review of food additives in Japan.On October 12, 2010, the former Ministry of Health of China (now the Health Commission) added PS to the list of New Food Ingredients (New Resource).The Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China (now the Ministry of Health and Welfare) added PS to the list of New Food Ingredients (New Resource). Food Ingredients (New Resources) Catalog (Announcement No. 15, 2010). It is allowed to be used as a new food ingredient, and the prescribed dosage is ≤600 mg/d.
As people pay more attention to health, PS will receive more and more attention. The development and application of PS-containing end-products are currently blooming, and PS will certainly set off a new wave in the field of health due to its effects of repairing brain damage, improving cognitive ability, and anti-stress.
Phosphatidylserine Where To Buy?
Shaanxi Guanjie Technology Co.,Ltd was invested and established in 2004. Guanjie is a Hi-tech private enterprise specializing in the research, development, production and sales of bulk phosphatidylserine. Guanjie Biotech has continuously strived to innovate and improve its control standards for 20 years. For any inquiries regarding our products, please contact us at info@gybiotech.com.
We take scientific and technological innovation as the engine of development. Specialized services as the characteristics of the layout of key product areas.
Reference (The Literature)：
[1] Suzuki S 等. Oral administration of soybean lecithin transphosphatidylated phosphatidyl - serine improves memory impairment in aged rats. J Nutr. 2001 Nov; 131(11): 2951~2956
[2]唐勇,张乾勇,糜漫天,等. 强化磷脂酰丝氨酸纯牛奶改善记忆力人群试食研究〔J〕. 重庆医学,2011,40( 30) : 3022-3026.
[3]Delwaide PJ. Double-blind randomized controlled study of phosphatidylserine in senile demented patients〔J〕. Acta Neurol Scand,1986,73(2) : 136-140.
[4]Crook TH,Tink lengerg J,Yesavage J,et al. Effects of phosphatidylserine in Alzheimer's disease〔J〕. Psychopharmacl Bull,1992,28 (1) : 61-66.
[5]Cenacchi T. Cognitive decline in the elderly: a double-blind,placebocontrolled multicenter study on efficacy of phosphatidylserine administration〔J〕. Aging ( Milano) ,1993,5 (2) : 123-133.
[6]Drago F,Spadaro F,Agata VD,et al. Protective action of phosphatidylserine on stress-induced behavioral and autonomic changes in aged rats〔J〕. Neurobiology of Aging,1991,12(5) : 437-440.
[7]Koutoku T,Takahashi! H,Tomonaga S,et al. Central administration of phosphatidylserine attenuates isolation stress-induced behavior in chicks〔J〕. Neurochemistry international,2005,47(3) : 183-189.
[8]Hellhammer J. Effects of soy lecithin phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine complex (PAS) on the endocrine and psychological responses to mental stress〔J〕. Stress,2004,7 (2) : 119-126.
