Bulk L-Ergothioneine Powder

Guanjie Biotech is a bulk L-ergothioneine powder supplier. Our bulk ergothioneine ingredient is a white, fine-particle powder with a guaranteed assay of 98% or higher. We are committed to providing this exceptional quality at a competitive price, making it an ideal choice for your manufacturing needs. For detailed product specifications, bulk pricing, or to request a sample, please contact us at: info@gybiotech.com.  

 

Item	Specification	Analytical Method
Appearance	Off-white to white fine powder	Visual
Identification	Positive	IR&1H NMR
Assay(On dried basis)	≥ 98.0%	HPLC
Loss on Drying	≤1.0%	USP
Residue on ignition	≤5.0%	USP
Heavy metals	≤ 10 ppm	ICP-MS
Arsenic	≤ 2 ppm	ICP-MS
Lead	≤1ppm	ICP-MS
Mercury	≤ 2 ppm	ICP-MS
Total bacteria count	≤10000 CFU/g	AOAC
Mold and Yeast	≤300 CFU/g	AOAC
Escherichia coli 10g	Absent/10g	AOAC
Staphylococcus aureus 10g	Absent/10g	AOAC
Salmonella 25g	Absent/25g	AOAC
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa 25g	Absent/25g	AOAC

 

Ergothioneine is a naturally occurring and rare amino acid that is a sulfur-containing amino acid. It is the only naturally occurring 2-thio-imidazole amino acid (2-them-imidazole) found. Its chemical structure is similar to the amino acids methionine and cysteine. Its sulfur atom is located on the side chain. In nature, ergothioneine is usually biosynthesized by bacteria and fungi. Bulk L-ergothioneine powder occurs naturally in edible mushrooms such as flat mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms and enoki mushrooms, as well as in certain plants and animals. For example, Ergothioneine is found in the eyes and kidneys of mammals and blood.

 

1. Basic Structure and Composition
● Molecular formula and molecular weight:
Ergothioneine has a molecular formula and molecular weight of 229.2993.
● Structural formula:
Bulk L-ergothioneine powder is a sulfur-containing derivative of histidine. Its structure contains an imidazole ring with a sulfur atom attached to the 2-position of the imidazole ring. It also has a trimethylammonium cation structure and a carboxylate anion structure. The whole is in the form of an inner salt.

2. Physical Properties
● Appearance:
Bulk L-ergothioneine powder is a white crystal powder.
● Solubility:
It has good water solubility. It can dissolve 0.9mol/l at room temperature. It will not oxidize itself in physiological pH value and strong alkali solution.
● Melting point:
Its melting point is 275℃-277℃.

 

3. Chemical stability
● Antioxidant properties:
Bulk L-ergothioneine powder is a natural antioxidant. At physiological pH, it exists in neutral aqueous solutions mainly in the form of thione. The thione form resists autoxidation and exhibits potent antioxidant activity through its resonance form. It can effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals. Moreover, it can chelate divalent iron and copper ions, preventing the formation of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron or copper ions, and inhibiting the copper ion-dependent oxidation of oxyhemoglobin as well as the peroxidation of arachidonic acid induced by the mixing of myoglobin with hydrogen peroxide. However, it does not inhibit the peroxidation of lipid particles in the presence of iron ions.

● Photostability:
Bulk ergothioneine powder is relatively chemically stable due to its lack of photosensitivity. Under normal use, it does not react with UV light, and it has even been found to protect the skin from UV damage.

● Acid-Base Stability:
It is stable at physiological pH and in strong alkaline solutions and does not oxidize. However, bulk L-ergothioneine powder is slowly oxidized and converted to the corresponding disulfide form over several days.

 

Ergothioneine exists in two isomers, i.e., thiol and thione forms. The thione isomer dominates at physiological pH, which gives ergothioneine exceptionally strong antioxidant properties. In nature, there are two isomers, L (left-handed) and D (right-handed). Ergothioneine is usually found in the L-EGT form, with the D form having low or no activity. Ergothioneine is a structural combination of glutathione, histidine and betaine. Its antioxidant chemistry is the same as that of glutathione and histidine, but it does not possess the function of betaine.

 

Ergothioneine has optical properties. There are two isomers in nature, L (left-handed) and D (right-handed). Bulk L-ergothioneine powder is usually found in the L-EGT form, with the D form having low or no activity. For safety or biological activity, it is safer to choose fermented ergothioneine than synthetic ergothioneine. Ergothioneine, as a component with cyclic properties, requires a high level of synthesis and purification process by chemical synthesis.
As a natural and rare sulfur-containing amino acid, ergothioneine has various chemical properties and important physiological functions. It shows a broad application prospect in the fields of food, cosmetics, functional food and biomedicine.

 

Early ergothioneine was mainly extracted from the substrates of edible mushrooms, pig's blood, animal tissues, ergot and cereals. Pig blood was the main raw material for extraction. However, the content of bulk L-ergothioneine powder in the above raw materials is still very low, and there is a problem of many impurities in the raw materials, and its extraction composition is relatively high.

The development of fermentation technology has significantly reduced the cost of ergothioneine production. Firstly, ergothioneine is produced by fermentation of natural microorganisms with ergothioneine synthesis ability, such as myxobacteria. Secondly, ergothioneine is synthesized by plasmid expression of ergothioneine synthase enzymes and biotransformation of L-His, L-Cys and L-Met as substrates. Fermentation is carried out using ergothioneine-engineered strains. Biofermentation of ergothioneine is now the dominant method of production, and the reduction of production costs has laid a solid foundation for the application of ergothioneine. Guanjie Biotech is an ergothioneine supplier; our bulk L-ergothioneine powder is produced by fermentation and is derived from mushrooms.

 

In recent years, bulk L-ergothioneine powder has taken the antioxidant market by storm with its strong antioxidant properties. It is especially popular in the cosmetic field. Ergothioneine's path to the top was not an easy one, and was nearly buried when Charles Tanret, studying the ergot fungus that destroys rye grain, isolated a unique crystalline sulfur-containing compound, which he subsequently named ergothioneine. 1911 saw the structure of ergothioneine determined by Barger and Ewins, who discovered that ergothioneine was a derivative of histidyl betaine. It attracted the attention of the scientific community because of the similarity of its molecular structure to that of glutathione, histidine and betaine, which are the components that determine its biological activity.

 

However, no significant functionality was found in subsequent studies. For a time, this led to the belief that it may be inert to humans. It wasn't until 2005 that scientists discovered the key pathway by which it works. A specific transporter protein, OCTN1 (Organic Cation Transporter Protein N1, a product of the SLC22A4 gene.) OCTN1 is found in keratinocytes and melanocytes and has a high affinity for ergothioneine. Bulk L ergothioneine powder is capable of transporting and accumulating carnitine, acetylcholine, etc. through the specific OCTN-1 transporter protein, especially in the critical mitochondria and nucleus, allowing it to accumulate and exert its effects in all tissues of the body. Since ergothioneine can enter directly into the mitochondria, it is easier for it to exert its antioxidant effects.

 

Studies have pointed out that ergothioneine has a stronger activity against hydroxyl radicals, peroxyl radicals and peroxynitrite radicals compared to the classical antioxidants glutathione and vitamin E. It also has superior antioxidant activity compared to coenzyme Q10 or Idebenone. It is relatively more effective in scavenging free radicals directly and protecting cells from UV-induced ROS. It can play a role in protecting the skin through multiple pathways such as inhibiting UVA-induced reactive oxygen species ROS production in human skin fibroblasts (HSF) and inhibiting the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and inflammatory factor (IL-1β) in HSF. Meanwhile, ergothioneine also has a significant inhibitory effect on the production of late glycosylation end products. It can protect the health of skin cells through its anti-glycation effect.

There are not many antioxidant products that people have discovered. However, stability is one of the major reasons that limit their application. While bulk L ergothioneine powder is more stable due to its nature, it can resist its oxidation in neutral and alkaline aqueous solutions generally in the form of thione. It is only oxidized to disulfide compounds under conditions such as H2O2, Cu2+ and low pH. Even at high temperatures, ergothioneine is highly stable. It has been shown that ergothioneine exhibits good thermal stability at different temperatures (≤90°C). At the same time, ergothioneine does not require high solubility and composition, which makes its application more simple and convenient.

 

With the approval of ergothioneine as a new food ingredient in the EU and GRAS certification in the US, the safety and functionality of ergothioneine have been well verified by regulations and the market.

1. Advantages of Natural Sources
Ergothioneine is primarily derived from organisms such as mushrooms. Among these natural food sources, human consumption has a long history. For example, consumption of mushrooms is part of people's daily diet. The ergothioneine contained in them has not been found to have significant adverse effects on humans under normal dietary intake.

2. Human Tolerance and Absorption
● Skin Tolerance:
In the cosmetics field, ergothioneine is widely used in skincare products. It is well tolerated by the skin and rarely causes adverse reactions such as skin sensitization. Several skin irritation and sensitization tests have shown that it does not cause skin irritation, redness, swelling or sensitization at normal use concentrations. This is because ergothioneine has relatively mild chemical properties that do not disrupt the skin's barrier function.

● Oral absorption:
Absorption of ergothioneine in the body is primarily through intestinal transport proteins. Bulk L ergothioneine powder is well absorbed in the human gastrointestinal tract and does not cause damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa during the absorption process. It can be effectively taken up and utilized by human cells and exerts beneficial effects such as antioxidants within the cells.

 

● Safe Dosage Range
There is no clearly defined upper limit of the absolute safe dose of ergothioneine. However, based on available studies and practical applications, the doses of L-EGT powder used in industries such as food and cosmetics are generally considered safe. In the field of food additives, the amount added is critically evaluated to ensure that it does not pose a hazard to human health under normal consumption. In cosmetics, their concentrations are also generally controlled to be effective and safe. For example, the level of ergothioneine in skin care products is usually within a low percentage range, so that it can fulfill its antioxidant and other effects.

 

3. Safety of interactions with other substances
Bulk L ergothioneine powder interacts with other common substances (e.g. vitamins, minerals, etc.) in vivo and in vitro without harmful chemical reactions. For example, it synergistically enhances the antioxidant effect when interacting with antioxidants such as vitamins C and E without producing toxic substances. In cosmetic formulations, it also works well with other skincare ingredients (e.g., hyaluronic acid, glycerin, etc.) without chemical reactions leading to a decrease in product safety.

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