Spermidine is a biogenic amine compound discovered in the early 1980s. It is also known as β-guanidino-alanine or β-GPA. Bulk spermidine powder is collectively known as polyamines along with spermine and putrescine. Guanjie Biotech has focused on wheat germ extract spermidine. Let's look at its anti-aging effects.
Distribution
Spermine is widely distributed in living organisms. Including bacteria, mammals, birds, insects and plants. Bulk spermidine powder is found in many organs such as human kidneys, liver, intestines and stomach. Spermidine-rich foods mainly include broccoli, cauliflower, mushrooms, soya beans, green peppers, peas and hazelnuts.
Sources
● Spermine/Spermidine Metabolism
In mammalian cells, spermine is produced from its precursor, putrescine, or through the oxidative degradation of spermine.
●Gut microbiota
The gut microbiota is an important source of spermine synthesis. In mice, the concentration of spermidine in the intestinal lumen is directly dependent on the colonic microbiota. It has been demonstrated that by oral administration of the polyamine-producing probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum LKM512, blood levels of spermidine and spermine can be upregulated. This would inhibit the inflammatory response and prolong lifespan in aged mice.
●Food sources
Spermidine ingested from food can be rapidly absorbed from the intestines and distributed throughout the body. Therefore, consuming foods high in spermidine helps to increase the amount of spermidine in the body.
Anti-aging effects of spermidine
In living organisms, tissue concentrations of bulk spermidine powder decline in an age-dependent manner. However healthy 90-year-olds and centenarians have spermidine levels close to those of younger (middle-aged) individuals. An epidemiological study reported a positive correlation between spermidine intake and healthy human longevity. 829 participants aged 45-84 years were followed for 15 years. Spermidine intake was estimated every 5 years based on a food frequency questionnaire. The study found that individuals with a higher intake of spermidine had a lower incidence of cancer and cardiovascular disease, which was associated with improved overall survival.
Anti-Aging Mechanisms
In a 2023 Cell article, there are 12 hallmarks of aging. These include genomic instability, telomere depletion, epigenetic alterations, loss of protein homeostasis, dysfunctional macroautophagy, dysregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell depletion, altered intercellular communication, chronic inflammation, and ecological dysregulation.
Induced autophagy
Induction of autophagy is currently considered the predominant mechanism by which spermidine delays aging. It has been found that spermine induces dephosphorylation of protein kinase B, which triggers the forkhead box transcription factor O (FoxO) transcription factor to run towards the nucleus. This leads to an increase in the transcription of the FoxO target gene, autophagy microtubule-associated protein light chain 3, and promotes autophagy.
● Delayed telomere senescence
Mice were given spermidine for 6 months starting at 17/18 months. It was found that bulk spermidine powder delayed the rate of telomere shortening compared to mice that were not given spermidine. In addition, this study found that spermidine significantly modulated brain glucose metabolism levels, suppressed different parameters of cardiac inflammation, reduced the number of pathological spots in the kidney and liver, and reduced age-induced hair loss.
● Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects
Oxidative stress is an important factor contributing to cellular aging and damage. Spermidine has antioxidant properties. Researchers fed mice exogenous spermidine for three months. In the spermidine-treated group, the number of atrophied follicles was significantly reduced, antioxidant enzyme activity increased, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased, which can reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. This suggests that oxidative stress was reduced in the spermidine-treated group.
Chronic inflammation seems to increase with age inevitably Spermidine helps to stimulate the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. At the same time this reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Recent studies have shown that spermine also enhances the anti-inflammatory properties of macrophages.
● Inhibition of stem cell senescence
Bulk spermidine powder promotes mitochondrial function and keratin production in epithelial stem cells, further ensuring muscle and hair follicle regeneration.
Other effects of spermidine
◆Cardioprotection
Spermidine inhibits circulating cytokines. e.g. TNF-α. It exerts cardioprotective effects by synergising with spermidine-derived nitric oxide, leading to vasodilation and promoting cGMP/cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) phosphorylation status. In addition, spermidine-enhanced autophagy and mitochondrial autophagy contribute to cardiomyocyte elasticity and mitochondrial function.
◆Tumour inhibition
Dietary spermidine was found to reduce the severity of liver fibrosis and the incidence of chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. Increasing dietary polyamine intake can delay chemically induced tumourigenesis in young BALB/c male mice.
◆Neuroprotection
The inhibitory effect of spermidine on autoimmune-reactive T cells was further translated into the prevention of neurodegeneration through demyelination. Neuroprotection is also mediated through autophagy-dependent protein homeostasis in the presynaptic active zone, ensuring the maintenance of synaptic plasticity.
Guanjie Biotech has focused on raw material bulk spermidine powder. From the materials to the products, we adhere to the high standard. High quality and competitive price, welcome to inquiry us: info@gybiotech.com.
