Quercetin bulk powder is a natural extract. It is a natural polyphenol. Phloretin belongs to the dihydrochalcone group of flavonoids. It is so named because it is concentrated in the rhizomes or root bark of fruits such as apples, strawberries, pears and many vegetables. The chemical name is 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propiophenone. Molecular formula is C15H14O5. molecular weight is 274.27. it is soluble in alkaline solution and soluble in methanol. Solubility in water is very small (20 μg/mL).
Phloretin can be absorbed directly into the body. However, very little rhizodermin occurs naturally in plants. Most of them exist in the form of their glycosidic derivatives - rhizopyranosides. The absorbed rhizopyranoside can enter the circulatory system only after the glycosidic group is removed from the gastric mucosa to form rhizopyranoside, thus exerting its effect.
Structurally, rhizopodophyllin is a phenylpropane-like compound that lacks a heterocyclic C ring and lacks an α-β double bond. Such structural features make it a flexible molecule, capable of binding to many biological macromolecules. It has been found that rhizodermin has a variety of skin care effects such as antibacterial, antioxidant, aging delay, skin whitening, anti-inflammatory, acne and so on.
• Antioxidant
Quercetin bulk powder is is an excellent natural antioxidant substance. Its strong antioxidant activity is due to its unique dihydrochalcone active structure, the hydroxyl group in the 2'-position and 6'-position of the A-ring has an important contribution to its antioxidant activity. The hydroxyl groups at the 2' and 6' positions of the A-ring contribute significantly to the antioxidant activity of chalcone. As a result, the antioxidant activity was greatly reduced (18 times lower than that of rhizopiridin).
Sun Yue et al. investigated the antioxidant capacity (DPPH radical scavenging capacity, Fe3+ reducing capacity and ABTS+- scavenging capacity) of ferulic acid, quercetin bulk powder and water-soluble VE.
As shown in Figure 3, the magnitude of ABTS free radical scavenging capacity was in the order of
Rhizopus > ferulic acid > water-soluble VE. The magnitude of DPPH radical scavenging ability was in the order of
Water-soluble VE > ferulic acid > rhizodermin, and the reduction ability of Fe3+ was as follows
Ferulic acid > water-soluble VE > rhizodermin.
Figure 3 Antioxidant activity capacity of 3 antioxidants in 3 models
• Whitening-tyrosinase inhibition
Tyrosinase is a copper-containing metalloenzyme. It is the main rate-limiting enzyme that controls melanin production in the body. It plays a major role in catalyzing the synthesis of melanin in melanocytes. Rhizopus is a reversible hybrid inhibitor of tyrosinase that works by altering the secondary structure of tyrosinase. It prevents tyrosinase from binding to substrates, thereby reducing its catalytic activity.
Jianmin Chen et al. investigated the inhibitory effects of rhizopusin and rhizopusin on tyrosinase. L-dopa was used as a substrate to determine the inhibitory effect of different concentrations of the inhibitors on the biphenolase activity of tyrosinase. It used tretinoin as a positive control.
Fig. 4 Effect of rhizopin, rhizoposide and rhizophenol on tyrosinase diphenolase activity
As shown in Fig. 4, best quercetin powder and rhizopinoside increase tyrosinase activity at low concentrations (because the 4-hydroxyphenyl in the rhizopin molecule is a tyrosine-like monophenolic structure. It is likely to be a substrate for tyrosinase. And the product generated has an absorption peak at 475 nm, which creates the illusion of activating the enzyme activity). However, the inhibitory effect on tyrosinase increased with the increase in concentration.
The above results indicate that the inhibitory effect of rhizopus on tyrosinase is weaker than that of tretinoin. It is about half of it. But its again stronger than that of rhizopiridin, about 4 times stronger.
Wang et al. also studied the inhibitory effect of quercetin powder organic on tyrosinase. It was found that 0.3% rhizopodophyllin inhibited tyrosinase by 98.2%. Its IC50 is 0.05%.
• Inhibition of inflammation
Li Tan et al. investigated the mechanism of action of rhizopus on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced anti-inflammation of RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro. The results showed that rhizopodophyllin inhibited the inflammatory response of LPS-induced RAW264. 7 macrophages. Its anti-inflammatory effects were associated with the inhibition of the production of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, the down-regulation of iNOS and COX-2 protein expression, and the mediated activation of the regulation of Akt / NF-κB, ERK1 / 2 and P38 protein expression.
The anti-inflammatory effects of rhizopodophyllin in vitro and in vivo suggest a potential soothing effect. It can be used in soothing skin care products.
• Antibacterial
Quercetin bulk powder is a flavonoid compound with antibacterial activity. It has a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, on a variety of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi have inhibitory effect. It was also found that the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of rhizopin against Propionibacterium acnes and Propionibacterium granulosum was 0.5 mg/L. Meanwhile, the results of the clinical trial showed that the subjects used rhizopin for 4 weeks and there was a significant reduction in whiteheads, blackheads, pimples and sebum secretion. This suggests that rhizopin has potential acne-relieving effects.
Mechanism of inhibitory effect of rhizodermin on bacteria:
① It acts on the enzyme-protein system inside the bacteria. And it affects bacterial energy metabolism and oxidative damage repair of bacterial growth.
② It is interfering with the synthesis of protein inside the cell, so that the metabolism inside the cell is disorganized, which finally leads to the death of bacteria.
Summarize:
Pure quercetin powder belongs to the dihydrochalcone class of flavonoids. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, whitening, antibacterial, moisturizing and other effects, has been widely used in cosmetics. Of course, rhizopodophyllin also has certain difficulties in application:
① It is poor water solubility;
② It is the natural rhizodermin content is small, difficult to extract, expensive.
What other foods contain quercetin?
Quercetin occurs naturally in many plant foods. Especially in the outer layer or rind .
Good food sources include: prickly mandarin, peppers, onions, green onions, asparagus - cooked, cherries, tomatoes, red apples, red grapes, broccoli, kale, red leaf lettuce, cranberries, blueberries, raspberries, and more.
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