NMN bulk powder and NMNH bulk powder have attracted much attention in the field of anti-aging research. Although NMN is better known, NMNH has gradually demonstrated its excellent anti-aging and cell metabolism regulation potential with the deepening of research. In this paper, we will discuss the mechanism of action of NMNH and its potential application in the field of anti-aging.
NMNH vS NMN
1. What Is NMN?
NMN acts as one of the precursor molecules of NAD+. It can be converted to NAD+ through a series of enzymatic reactions after entering the body, and then participate in a variety of physiological activities. Such as energy metabolism, DNA repair and cell activity regulation.NAD+ acts as an electron transporter during cellular respiration, which is essential for maintaining cellular function and slowing down aging. However, as we age, the level of NAD+ gradually decreases, which in turn affects cell metabolism and antioxidant capacity. Therefore, NMN bulk powder supplementation has become a potential means to enhance NAD+ levels and slow down aging.
2. What Is NMNH?
NMNH is the reduced form of NMN. As a direct precursor of NAD+, it is rapidly converted to NAD+ through a unique metabolic pathway, enabling cells to significantly boost NAD+ levels in a short time. Compared to NMN, NMNH has a shorter and more efficient metabolic pathway and can simultaneously elevate intracellular NADH levels, providing additional reducing power to the cell. Therefore, NMNH powder outperforms NMN both in vivo and in vitro in terms of NAD+ boosting effect.
NMNH - Anti-aging Functions
The results of a study published in the internationally renowned journal ACS show that NMNH bulk powder is an effective NAD+ enhancer. It increases cellular NAD+ levels in vitro and in vivo, and can effectively promote NAD+ and inhibit glycolysis, TCA cycle and cell growth. It reveals that NMNH is effective in cellular metabolism regulation and anti-aging.
Figure 1. NMNH effectively promotes NAD+ and inhibits glycolysis, TCA cycle and cell growth
● NMNH increases cellular NAD+ levels
Researchers treated cells with 100 μM NMNH and found that NAD+ levels increased 5-fold. In contrast, 100 μM NMN bulk powder only slightly increased NAD+ levels. In addition, in the analysis of whether high doses of NMNH cause hepatotoxicity, the experimental results showed that high doses of NMNH were not hepatotoxic. In addition, the researchers found that NMNH treatment increased the hepatic NAD+ content of mice in a dose-dependent manner. 1000 mg/kg NMNH treatment increased the hepatic NAD+ content of mice by more than 10-fold. These results suggest that NMNH is a more potent NAD+ enhancer compared to NMN.
Figure 2.NMNH is a potent NAD+ booster in vitro and in vivo
● NMNH Increases Cellular NADH Levels
The researchers found that NADH levels in some cells treated with NMNH were 2.5 times higher than in untreated and NMN-only treated cells. In additional cells, the researchers also found that NMNH treatment at a dose of 340 mg/kg elevated NADH concentrations in the livers of mice threefold. In contrast, the same dose of NMN treatment increased it only 1.7-fold. In addition, 1000 mg/kg NMNH treatment increased liver NADH levels in mice nearly 10-fold.
Figure 3. 2.5-fold higher NMNH-treated cells compared to NMN's
● NMNH inhibits glycolysis and TCA cycle
At the same time, the researchers observed that NMNH bulk powder reduced the levels of glycolytic intermediates as well as those of the TCA cycle. This includes intermediates in the glycolytic pathway. These results suggest that the accumulation of NADH produced by NMNH inhibits cellular glycolysis and the TCA cycle. In contrast, NMN treatment of glycolysis and the TCA cycle induced only mild reductions in products in glycolysis, with almost no reduction observed in TCA-cycling cells. These results suggest that NMNH has a very significant inhibitory effect on glycolysis and TCA cycle. In contrast, NMN also had an obstructive effect on glycolysis, but to a much lesser extent.
Figure 3.NMNH inhibits glycolysis and TCA cycle
● NMNH inhibits cell growth
The researchers found that NMNH treatment inhibited cell growth at concentrations higher than 250 μM, in which, 289 protein expression levels increased. While the expression level of another 171 proteins decreased. The study also found that NMNH reduced the levels of key regulators of the cell cycle by 2-fold and altered gene transcription. In a cell cycle analysis of 1 mM NMNH bulk powder or bulk NMN treatment for 12 hours, the researchers found that NMNH caused cell cycle arrest. In contrast, NMN did not affect the cell cycle.
Figure 4.NMNH inhibits cell growth in vitro
In summary, NMNH is superior to NMN as an NAD+ enhancer in this study. it excels in the field of anti-aging. It effectively increased cellular NAD+ and NADH levels, inhibited glycolysis and TCA cycle, and altered key cell cycle regulators and gene transcription. These findings provide strong evidence for the application of NMNH in anti-aging and cellular metabolic regulation, demonstrating its great potential.
Advantages Between NMNH vs NMN
1. NAD+ and NADH boosting efficiency
From the research data, NMNH has a significant advantage in boosting NAD+ and NADH. At the same concentration, NMNH can rapidly and effectively increase the levels of NAD+ and NADH in cells and animals. In contrast, the effect of NMN was milder. This suggests that NMNH possesses higher bioavailability and efficiency in acting as an NAD+ precursor. It is better adapted for anti-aging application scenarios that require rapid NAD+ replenishment.
2. Metabolic pathway regulation
NMNH can reduce cellular metabolic burden by inhibiting glycolysis and TCA cycle. This is particularly beneficial for aged cells and cells with impaired energy metabolism. In contrast, bulk NMN powder was less effective in regulating metabolic pathways. This difference may make NMNH perform better in the intervention of metabolic diseases and aging-related conditions.
3 Safety and cytotoxicity
High doses of NMNH did not show significant hepatotoxicity in the experiments. This suggests a favorable safety profile as a supplement. In contrast, although NMN bulk powder has fewer side effects. The effects and safety at high doses need to be further investigated. Therefore, NMNH may be more advantageous in high-dose anti-aging therapies, providing more efficient and long-lasting anti-aging effects.
4. Cell cycle and growth regulation
NMNH can effectively inhibit cell growth by altering protein expression and levels of key cell cycle factors, which is important in both anti-aging and anti-cancer fields. Comparatively, NMN has a weaker ability to regulate cell cycle and growth, and may not be able to achieve the same effect as NMNH in long-term use. Therefore, NMNH shows greater potential in slowing down aging and reducing excessive cell proliferation.
Guanjie Biotech's NMNH raw material
Guanjie Biotech's NMNH bulk powder not only realizes global mass production based on the leading enzyme process technology but also has a purity of over 98%. More importantly, Guanjie Biotech's NMNH is also available in two forms: free acid and sodium salt. This versatility makes the application of NMNH more flexible and meets the diverse needs of different fields and industries. Whether you need NMNH in the form of free acid or sodium salt, Bontec Biotech can provide high-quality products and bring a better experience to customers. If you need our NMNH or NMN bulk powder, welcome to enquiry us:info@gybiotech.com.
Reference:
[1] Liu Y, Luo C, Li T, Zhang W, Zong Z, Liu X, Deng H. Reduced Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMNH) Potently Enhances NAD and Suppresses Glycolysis, the TCA Cycle, and Cell Growth. J Proteome Res. 2021 May 7;20(5):2596-2606.
